Broadly I am interested in understanding the physical implications of the quantum gravitational nature of spacetime in cosmological and black hole settings. My research focuses on the fate of cosmological and black hole singularities, the physics of quantum gravity in the very early universe, and its potential signatures in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). I use a combination of analytical methods and high performance computing to address these questions.
One of the primary frameworks I use is loop quantum cosmology (LQC). Working with Abhay Ashtekar and Tomasz Pawlowski, I co-developed what is now known in the literature as the APS model. Its central result is that the big bang singularity is resolved by quantum geometry effects and is replaced by a big bounce, first obtained in 2005-06. The APS model has since become the standard framework of LQC: research groups around the world working on the big bounce in different spacetimes, including anisotropic models and models with inhomogeneities, either build directly on it or measure their results against it.
More recently, working with Abhay Ashtekar and Javier Olmedo, I co-developed what is known in the literature as the AOS model. It provides the first complete quantum gravitational description of a black hole, encompassing both its interior and exterior regions. It shows that the singularities lurking at the heart of black holes are not a fundamental feature of nature but an artifact of classical physics that quantum geometry naturally resolves, giving a consistent quantum extension of the full black hole spacetime free of limitations of all previous approaches. Building on this model, my recent research has explored physical implications of quantum corrections to black hole Love numbers.
My current research focuses on: How robust is the big bounce and the resulting physics? How do we obtain these results directly from loop quantum gravity? What are the unique phenomenological signatures of LQC and related models in CMB? How do we tackle foundational questions about the problem of time and the choice of clocks and what are their phenomenological implications? How do we extract consistent probabilities in closed systems such as our Universe? How does physics from quantum geometry alleviate problems of models of the very early universe including inflation and its alternatives? What are the implications of quantum geometry for black holes? How do we understand quantum gravity in terms of quantum complexity?
As of Spring 2026, 114 peer-reviewed articles. Over 10,750 citations. H-index: 46. Authorship in this field is generally alphabetical. For a complete list please visit InspireHEP or Google Scholar links on this page.
Love Numbers of Covariant Loop Quantum Black Holes with Meysam Motaharfar. (First study of tidal deformability of loop quantum black holes, with implications for gravitational wave observations. Related work received Honorable Mention, Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition, 2025.)
Generalized analysis of a dust collapse in effective loop quantum gravity: Fate of shocks and covariance with Kristina Giesel, Hongguang Liu and Stefan Weigl. (Develops a systematic covariant framework for spherically symmetric models in LQG, resolving a debated question in the field: shock solutions argued to exist in several recent models are shown to be absent.)
Regular black holes from Loop Quantum Gravity Invited chapter with Abhay Ashtekar and Javier Olmedo. (Comprehensive invited treatment of the AOS model and its implications for the quantum gravitational description of black holes.)
Close relationship between the dressed metric and the hybrid approach to perturbations in effective loop quantum cosmology with Bao-Fei Li. (Establishes a fundamental connection between two leading approaches to cosmological perturbations in LQC.)
Towards a reduced phase space quantization in LQC with an inflationary potential with Kristina Giesel and Bao-Fei Li. (First paper to include an inflaton field in a reduced phase space quantization of LQC. Highlights the multiple choice problem of time in quantum gravity.)
Towards cosmological dynamics from loop quantum gravity with Bao-Fei Li and Anzhong Wang. (First steps toward understanding ambiguities in cosmological dynamics motivated from full theory of loop quantum gravity.)
Glimpses of Space-Time Beyond the Singularities Using Supercomputers Invited review.
Quantum Transfiguration of Kruskal Black Holes with Abhay Ashtekar and Javier Olmedo. (Founding paper of the AOS model. Provides the first complete quantum gravitational description of a black hole encompassing both interior and exterior regions, naturally resolving the singularity at the heart of the black hole. Editor’s Suggestion, Physical Review Letters.)
Generic absence of strong singularities in loop quantum Bianchi-IX spacetimes with Sahil Saini. (Establishes that strong singularities are generically absent in the most general homogeneous anisotropic spacetime in LQC.)
Numerical simulations of loop quantum Bianchi-I spacetimes with Peter Diener, Anton Joe and Miguel Megevand. (First numerical study of anisotropic loop quantum spacetimes, demonstrating robustness of the quantum bounce in the presence of anisotropies.)
On the relationship between modifications to the Raychaudhuri equation and the canonical Hamiltonian structures with S K Soni. (An elegant study of the inverse problem in quantum cosmology which reveals a deep and unexpected connection between the repulsive nature of quantum gravity modifications and the mathematical structure of LQC.)
Numerical simulations of a loop quantum cosmos: robustness of the quantum bounce and the validity of effective dynamics with Peter Diener and Brajesh Gupt. (Establishes through high performance computing that the quantum bounce is robust and that effective dynamics is an excellent approximation to the full quantum evolution.)
Numerical loop quantum cosmology: an overview Invited review.
Loop quantum cosmology: a status report Invited Topical review with Abhay Ashtekar. (Comprehensive invited review of the field, widely cited as the standard reference for loop quantum cosmology.)
Consistent probabilities in loop quantum cosmology with David Craig. (Addresses the fundamental problem of extracting consistent probabilities in a closed quantum system such as the universe, using the consistent histories framework.)
Are loop quantum cosmos never singular? (First paper to provide a systematic analysis of generic singularity resolution across different matter models in LQC.)
Covariant effective action for loop quantum cosmology à la Palatini with Gonzalo Olmo. (Bridges physics from canoncial quantization of loop quantum cosmology with covariant effective actions.)
Is loop quantization in cosmology unique? with Alex Corichi. (Addresses the fundamental question of quantization ambiguities in LQC and establishes conditions for physical uniqueness.)
Robustness of key features of loop quantum cosmology with Abhay Ashtekar and Alex Corichi. (Establishes that the key results of the APS model, including the big bounce, are robust against changes in the choice of quantum states.)
Quantum nature of the big bang with Abhay Ashtekar and Tomasz Pawlowski. (Founding paper of the APS model. First paper to show that the big bang singularity is replaced by a quantum bounce due to quantum geometry effects of loop quantum gravity. The big bounce has since been studied by research groups worldwide across different spacetimes.)
Quantum Evaporation of a Naked Singularity with Rituparno Goswami and Pankaj Joshi. (Shows that quantum effects resolve naked singularities formed in gravitational collapse, with implications for cosmic censorship.)
Black Hole Mass Threshold from Nonsingular Quantum Gravitational Collapse with Martin Bojowald, Rituparno Goswami and Roy Maartens. (One of the first papers to understand loop quantum effects in gravitational collapse, predicting a black hole mass threshold)
Loop quantum gravity effects on inflation and the CMB with Shinji Tsujikawa and Roy Maartens. (First paper to link loop quantum cosmology with observations through the cosmic microwave background, opening the field of LQC phenomenology.)
Cosmological dynamics of a phantom field with M. Sami and Naresh Dadhich. (One of the first papers to study the cosmological dynamics of a phantom field.)
Action principle formulation for the motion of extended bodies in general relativity with Jeeva Anandan and Naresh Dadhich. (Derives for the first time an action principle for extended bodies with multipole moments in an external gravitational field, obtaining observable quantum phase shifts at the interface of general relativity and quantum mechanics. Honorable Mention, Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition, 2003.)
Selected media highlights featuring my research and academic leadership.
Scientific research cuts could be ‘devastating’ to Louisiana, higher ed leaders warn by Piper Hutchison, Louisiana Illuminator (May 2025)
A future without Moodle? Half of LSU’s faculty are unhappy with the platform, survey shows by John Buzbee, The Reveille (September 2024)
Faculty members upset with new IT policies: Not the way a research minded university works by John Buzbee, The Reveille (May 2023)
How will ChatGPT, AI change college? Here’s what some LSU professors and students think by James Wilkins in the Advocate (March 2023)
Viewpoint: Black Hole Evolution Traced Out with Loop Quantum Gravity by Carlo Rovelli, Physics (2018)
Beyond the black hole singularity by Sam Sholtis, PhysOrg (2018)
What happened before the big bang? Feature documentary, BBC (2010)
Did our cosmos exist before the big bang? Feature story by Anil Ananthaswamy, New Scientist (2009)
Universe before ours by Robert Matthews, BBC Science Focus (2009)
Before the Big Bang: A twin universe? by Lisa Zyga, PhysOrg (2008)
Cosmology: The Universe bounces back Nature (2006)
Quantum foam blows away naked singularity by Amarendra Swarup, New Scientist (2005)
Vice President, Faculty Senate, LSU (2024 – 2026) Met bi-weekly with the Provost and cabinet. Regular collaboration with the Office of Academic Affairs, Registrar, Disability Services, Enrollment Mangament, and Student Government to address various faculty and student concerns across the university.
Chair, Faculty Senate Generative AI Committee, LSU (2025 – 2026) Constituted and chaired a committee that drafted institutional guidelines on the use of Generative AI in curriculum and research. The guidelines were developed through consultation with the Office of Academic Affairs, Office of Civil Rights and Title IX, LSU Online, Student Advocacy and Accountability, and Graduate Council, and endorsed by the Faculty Senate in December 2025. Guidelines available here
Chair, Faculty Senate Information Technology Committee, LSU (2023 – 2026) Constituted and chaired a committee that conducted a two-year line-by-line revision of LSU’s IT governance framework: 12 institutional policies and 55 standards in collaboration with university IT leadership, balancing institutional compliance requirements with academic freedom.
Secretary, Faculty Senate, LSU (2023 – 2024)
Vice-Chair, TRSL and Optional Retirement Plan Advisory Task Force, State of Louisiana (2024 – 2025) Constituted by House Resolution 169. Advocated for phased retirement options for faculty and staff. Presented testimony at the Louisiana House of Representatives (April 2025). Recommendations endorsed by Governor Landry via Act 47 (June 2025).
Member, Academics Task Force for LSU System Policy Realignment, LSU Transformation (2026) Working to realign academic policies across LSU campuses.
Member, Optional Retirement Plan Advisory Board, LSU System (2026 – present) Representative of all faculty from the LSU System on this board.
Member, Academic Policy Retreat, Office of the Senior Vice Provost, LSU (Spring 2026)
Member, Student Success Initiative, LSU (Spring 2025 - present)
Member, LSU IT Governance Council (2023 – present)
Member, Research Security Program Committee, Office of Research and Economic Development, LSU (2023 – present)
Member, Policy Committee, College of Science, LSU (2024 – present)
Chair, Graduate Curriculum Committee, Department of Physics and Astronomy, LSU (2023 – present)
Co-Chair, Saturday Science Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, LSU (2012 - 2023; 2025 - present) Public outreach program bringing science to K-12 students in the Baton Rouge community.
Editor, International Journal of Modern Physics D (2010 – present)
Associate Editor, Universe (2021 – present)
Editor, Classical and Quantum Gravity (2012 – 2021)
Workshop on Gravity: Classical, Quantum, Theoretical and Experimental Department of Physics and Astronomy, LSU (March 2023) International workshop honoring the career of Jorge Pullin, bringing together leading researchers in classical gravity, loop quantum gravity, and numerical relativity. Speakers included Abhay Ashtekar, Carlo Rovelli, Thomas Thiemann, Jerzy Lewandowski, and others from institutions across four continents.
Workshop on Gravitational Wave Detection Department of Physics and Astronomy, LSU (February 2025) International workshop honoring the career of Gabriela González, bringing together world leaders in gravitational wave detection. Speakers included Rainer Weiss (Nobel Laureate, MIT), Nergis Mavalvala (MIT), David Reitze (Caltech), and others from LIGO, Max Planck Institute, and major institutions across four continents.
At LSU I have taught various courses at introductory, undergraduate, and graduate level. In 2023 I developed PHYS 2150: Honors Particle Mechanics for engineering students, to address a persistent bottleneck in the undergraduate curriculum with high DFW rates. This course had DFW rates dropped to nearly zero for five semesters when I taught it. I also developed a new graduate level course on AdS/CFT.
I have mentored thirteen undergraduate researchers, including REU stduents, several of whom co-authored published papers in Physical Review D.
At the Perimeter Institute Scholars International program I co-taught a cosmology course with Niayesh Afshordi and Hiranya Peiris, and an advanced course on cosmological perturbations with Neil Turok. I also taught a cosmology course at Penn State.
Links refer to co-authored published papers. Students were at LSU as under-graduate or REU students, unless otherwise noted.
I was born in New Delhi, India where I completed my Bachelors and Masters in Physics from S. G. T. B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi. I did my PhD with Naresh Dadhich from Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) at Pune, India in 2004. I was then a postdoc at Penn State with Abhay Ashtekar and a Distinguished Postdoc Researcher at the Perimeter Institute. I joined LSU as an Assistant Professor in 2010, was promoted to Associate Professor in 2016, and to Full Professor in 2022. In 2026 I received the Ball Family Distinguished Professorship.
In my years at LSU I have found that I genuinely love building institutional structures and working collaboratively with faculty, administrators, and staff toward a stronger university. I served as Secretary and then Vice President of the Faculty Senate, and as Chair of the Faculty Senate Information Technology and Generative AI Committees. In these roles I have worked closely with the Provost, Deans, and university leadership on policies that serve the entire institution.
One more thing: IUCAA’s beautiful campus was also home to cobras, kraits, and vipers. When one appeared, colleagues called me. I like to think that catching snakes and doing quantum gravity require the same thing: patience, stillness, and not flinching at what others find frightening. That story is here.
Away from physics and administration, I am a Vipassana meditator. I have sat several prolonged silent retreats. Some questions are best approached in silence.